World is getting evolved around technology, automation technology is one such technology which moves the world to smarter and comfort zone.Robotics and automation technology find its position in real time application with IoT etc. Industrial sensors further categorized as retro reflective sensor, capacitibve sensor, photoelectric sensor, ultrasonic sensor and magnetic sensor(Proximity sensor). The switching frequency of the sensor is the key factor to determine the performance of the system.In this paper a detailed study on one such key factor named switching frequency is taken for experimental study with magnetic sensors. In this paper, a genuine attempt is made statistically for captureing the switching frequency using PLC based on SPSS tool.

Keywords : Switching frequency, PLC, Proximity e-Sensor

Author : R.Rakesh, I.Karthic Subramiyan, Dr.R.Arumugam, M.Rajathi

Title : EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SWITCHING FREQUENCY OF MAGNETIC SESNOR USING STATISTICAL APPROACH

Volume/Issue : 2024;06(07)

Page No : 1-11

Concrete block pavement was put forward in The Netherlands in the beginning of 1950s as a substitution for baked clay brick roads. The normal worldwide movement in the direction of enhancement of city pavements , the increasing price of pitch as a paving substance and the quick rise in building and maintenance price have motivated designers to rotate paving substance viz. concrete blocks. The toughness, longevity and charming surface of pavers have made CBP perfect for many municipal, commercial, and industrial apps. For the last 50 years, notable analysis tasks for the growth and purification of CBP approach have been going on many on in many countries e.g. Argentina, Australia, and Canada etc. The CBP is now a quality surface in Europe, where over 100,000,000 m2 are set yearly. In interlocking concrete block pavement, the blocks prepare wearing surface and are a main load-distributing element of the pavement. It vary from other standard structure of pavement that the wearing surface is created from tiny paving units immersed and connected in sand in place of continuous paving.

Keywords :

Author : Aman Gupta, Mr. Manoj Sharma, Mr. B.P. Mudgal

Title : Blend up of Concrete paver with Polypropylene fibre at controlled percentage

Volume/Issue : 2024;06(07)

Page No : 12-16

Proximate composition and mineral concentration of Cashew nut (Anarcadiumoccidentale) were investigated using standard analytical methods. The physicochemical characteristics of cashew nut shell liquid were also determined. The proximate composition (%) was as follows: moisture (7.2), ash (2.8), crude fat (49.1), crude protein (36.3), crude fibre (3.2) and carbohydrate (by difference) (1.4). The mineral composition (mg/100g) of cashew nut showed potassium (27.5 ± 0.4) to be the highest, calcium (21.5 ± 0.0), magnesium (19.3 ±0.1), sodium (8.2 ± 0.2) and phosphorous (14.0 ± 0.2). Zinc and iron concentrations were lower. The physicochemical properties of cashew nut oil were as follows: colour (yellow), refractive index (1.458), specific gravity (0.962), acid value (10.7mgKOH/g), saponification value (137mgKOH/g), iodine value (41.3mgiodine/100g) and free fatty acid (5.4mgKOH/g). This is an indication that the oil is non- drying, edible and may not be used for soap making. The CNSL extracted was dark brown in colour. Ash and moisture content (%) were: 1.2 and 3.9 (for IND species), and 1.3 and 6.7 (for AFR species). Specific gravity and refractive index were 0.941 and 1.693 (for IND variety), and 0.924 and 1.686 (for AFR variety). Saponification, acid, free fatty acid (mg KOH/g) and iodine (mg iodine/100g) values were (58.1, 12.1, 6.1, 215 respectively (for IND species) and 47.6, 15.4, 7.8, 235.(for AFR species). The investigation showed that CNSL is a drying oil and it is useful in industries for paints, varnishes and surface coatings.

Keywords : Nutritive value, Iodine, Protein, carbohydrate, Fat.

Author : R. Govindaraju, G. Ramasamy

Title : Chemical Characterization and Physico Chemical Properties of Cashew nut (AnacardiumOccidentale) Oil and Cashew nut Shell Liquid

Volume/Issue : 2024;06(07)

Page No : 17-28

Plastic is a toxic & persistent material available in world. It is generally found to be nearly 5%-10% in Corporation Solid Wastes (CSW) which is a major environmental threat. Present day, industrial plastics are used in our day-to-day life for Various purposes via carry bags in various shops. Plastic made manufacture materials are used for making roofs of temporary kutcha houses and hutments, packaging materials in LDPE & HDPE. Which manufacturing industries, in use of drinking water supply, sanitary appurtenances and in electrical appliance. Industrial plastics based materials product and appliances used for domestic used .The results of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of these plastic materials is not satisfactory. Most of people are using of these plastic materials and plastic products after their usage it through on open ground surface and not using reuse. In this paper recycle and reduction in Amount of volume which has become a prominent ecological & environmental problem to utilization in construction. Waste plastic bags & waste plastic materials interrupt the infiltration and percolation of rain water through soil pores and in turn diminish the ground water recharge water surface. Present day, we have present various amount of plastic solid waste in our surroundings. There are so many institutes which after com system researches have come to a conclusion that waste plastics can be used in modifying roads. if we use plastics in road construction, we can reduce the cost of road construction and pollution index of environment to on appreciable extent. Most of researcher use plastics as binder with bitumen. It may give good characteristics to finish-ability, stable to material, good binding property, resistance to water surface and durability with their life period.

Keywords : Material, Enormous, LCA, LDPE, HDPE, Corporation Solid Waste (CSW)

Author : Satyabhan Singh, Prof. B.P Mudgal, Ms.Anuradha Sharma

Title : Utilization of Plastic Wastes in Road Construction

Volume/Issue : 2024;06(07)

Page No : 29-34

Excess Volume for three binary mixtures viz. ethanol + [empy][EtSO4], water +[empy][EtSO4] and 1-propanol +[empy][EtSO4] and ternary mixtures of ethanol + water +[empy][EtSO4] at different mole fractions at temperature 298.15K

Keywords : Binary, Ternary, Ethanol, Propanol

Author : Jeet Pal Singh, Arvind Kumar

Title : EXPERIMENTAL INESTIGATION ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME BINARY AND TERNARY LIQUID MIXTURES

Volume/Issue : 2024;06(07)

Page No : 35-50

Industrial revolution is one of the biggest challenges in today's innovative and technical era so this world has gone through a series of industrial revolutions since 18th century. Fourth industrial revolution is the need of every country for the existence of big data (BD) and artificial intelligence (AI) and making a digital based impact. Today's world is the result of innovations and technological advances due to BD and AI. Every country is aiming to achieve fourth industrial revolution to empower society in a better way for the economic and social development. We are at the beginning of a fourth industrial revolution that is fundamentally changing the way we live, work, and relate to one another. Fourth industrial revolution is related with big data, artificial intelligence, robotics, the internet of things, autonomous vehicles, 3D printing, nanotechnology, materials science etc. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate and ascertain the relation & impact of big data and artificial intelligence between Individual perception & fourth industrial revolution. After study and analysis of wide literature, it is reasoned out that fourth industrial revolution has deep impact on the BD & AI. Research shows that BD & AI both are giving the pace to the fourth industrial revolution in changing the way to work, socialize, create and share information, and organize the flow of people, ideas, and things around the globe. In this context, the researcher has undertaken to analyze the Individual perception towards fourth industrial revolution on behalf of big data and artificial intelligence. The primary data was analyzed for correlation and t test to compare these two for knowing its impact on 4th industrial revolution. The secondary data is used to identify the theory of BD & AI and how it is beneficial for the fourth industrial revolution.

Keywords : Fourth Industrial Revolution, Individual Perception, Technology, Big data (BD), Artificial intelligence (AI), 3D etc.

Author : Dr. NEERAJ KUMAR, Dr. SANTOSH KUMAR GUPTA

Title : Impact of Big data & Artificial intelligence on Fourth Industrial Revolution

Volume/Issue : 2024;06(07)

Page No : 51-59