A Sclera recognition system based on Wavelet Packet Analysis is described in this paper. The intricate texture of each eye's iris is the most distinctive phenotypic characteristic apparent on a person's face. The apparent texture of a person's Sclera is encoded as a compact sequence of 2-D wavelet packet coefficients that produce a "Sclera code". Two different Sclera codes are compared using exclusively OR comparisons. In this study, we offer a novel multi-resolution technique based on Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) for analyzing and recognizing the texture of the sclera. This method was inspired by the discovery that the predominant frequencies of the sclera texture are situated in the low- and middle-frequency channels. As a Sclera signature, WPT sub-image coefficients are quantified as 1, 0 or -1 using an adaptive threshold. This signature provides the regional details of several Sclera. By utilizing wavelet packets, the coding size of the Sclera signature is 640 bits. After calculating the signature of the new Sclera pattern, it is compared to the pattern that was previously saved. Identification is achieved by putting the test sclera code into a Multi-Layer Feed Forward Neural Network (MLFNN), which produces the identification result

Keywords :

Author : S.Hariprasath, M.Santhi, T.N.Prabakar

Title : Design and Analysis of Pattern Recognition System Based on Sclera Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Volume/Issue : 2023;05(01)

Page No : 1-5

Optical fiber communications plays significant role in the communication era. In order to improve the communication capacity of the optical fiber communication system multiplexing technology is widely used. Single core optical fiber generally uses dense wave length multiplexing (DWDM) techniques for optical amplification system that can contribute the transmission capacity of about 1Tb/s (=1000Gbit/s).In addition to this, in Single core fibers, Polarization division multiplexing (PDM) is implementedthat uses QPSK system which can withhold a transmission capacity of about 10Tbit/s. Higher order Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) such as 64 QAM and 128QAM, are also applied in optical systems that can achieve capacity up to 100Tbit/s.As the requirement for capacity is increased beyond 100Tbit/s, it is observed various limitations in the optical transmission medium and transmission system such as limited spectral efficiency and limited optical power. In order to overcome this limitation space division multiplexing (SDM) has been proposed as a high-capacity optical transmission technology that can overcome the physical limitations of conventional single-mode optical fiber. This paper provides a review of different Optical fiber communication techniques.

Keywords :

Author : Kakarla Phaneendra Kumar, Dr. T.Sreenivasulu Reddy

Title : REVIEW ON OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICAITONS WITH MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUES FOR BETTER PERFORMANCE

Volume/Issue : 2023;05(01)

Page No : 6-12

Blindness is a big hurdle in one's life. They find it difficult while travelling may not be able to identify the obstacles that come in their way through a normal walking stick. Now a day’s blind people use the white cane as a tool for guidance, when they are moving or walking. As usual, the blind move around using a trained dog and a simple white stick. There are many ways to help the blind persons for their navigation. Thus, by using Internet of Things we construct a smart stick for blind person to detect obstacles using sensors like Infrared Sensors, Ultrasonic sensors. Here, we developed a device which can serve as a better navigator to a blind person to feel more efficient and helpful than a conventional one. Blind stick is an innovative stick designed for blind person for improving their navigation better.

Keywords :

Author : Dr A Manjula, Sowmya Chityala, Nikhitha Gorityala, A Nikhil, B Sandeep

Title : Smart Obstacle Detection Stick for Blind Persons

Volume/Issue : 2023;05(01)

Page No : 13-22

This paper examines the analysis and realtime implementation of a fuzzy logic-based unity power factor correction converter (PFC). The conventional diode bridge rectifier is replaced by a single-phase AC-DC buck-boost converter. Fuzzy logic and Hysteresis control techniques are used to enhance the performance of the buck-boost converter. The fuzzy controller is applied to the DC voltage loop circuit to improve performance. PI and hysteresis controllers are used to control the current loop. The results demonstrate that the fuzzy controller performs well when the robustness of the controller is verified using DSPACE. The experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed controller improved the converter's performance.

Keywords :

Author : Sathyaprakash B and Susharitha G R

Title : High-Speed Real-Time Power Factor Correction Using Fuzzy Logic Controller

Volume/Issue : 2023;05(01)

Page No : 28-30

Blindness is a big hurdle in one's life. They find it difficult while travelling may not be able to identify the obstacles that come in their way through a normal walking stick. Now a day’s blind people use the white cane as a tool for guidance, when they are moving or walking. As usual, the blind move around using a trained dog and a simple white stick. There are many ways to help the blind persons for their navigation. Thus, by using Internet of Things we construct a smart stick for blind person to detect obstacles using sensors like Infrared Sensors, Ultrasonic sensors. Here, we developed a device which can serve as a better navigator to a blind person to feel more efficient and helpful than a conventional one. Blind stick is an innovative stick designed for blind person for improving their navigation better. Keywords-Internet of Things, Infrared Sensors, Ultrasonic Sensors, Obstacles, Navigation

Keywords :

Author : Dr A Manjula, Sowmya Chityala , Nikhitha Gorityala , A Nikhil , B Sandeep

Title : Smart Obstacle Detection Stick for Blind Persons

Volume/Issue : 2023;05(01)

Page No : 44-52

MoS2 nanoflowers were successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process with the help of a surfactant. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). X-ray diffraction results showed that the as-prepared product was the hexagonal phase of MoS2 without any impurity. TEM and SEM images showed that the MoS2 nanoflowers had uniform sizes with diameter of about 1–2 mm and were constructed with many irregular nanosheets as a petal-like structure with thickness of several nanometers. A possible formation mechanism of the MoS2 nanoflowers was preliminarily proposed on the basis of observations of a time-dependent morphology evolution process.

Keywords :

Author : rof. G. Pakardin , P. Ameena

Title : Synthesis and Estimation of Flower like Mos2 Nanostructures through Hydrothermal Process P

Volume/Issue : 2023;05(01)

Page No : 53-57

This Optical fiber communications plays significant role in the communication era. In order to improve the communication capacity of the optical fiber communication system multiplexing technology is widely used. Single core optical fiber generally uses dense wave length multiplexing (DWDM) techniques for optical amplification system that can contribute the transmission capacity of about 1Tb/s (=1000Gbit/s).In addition to this, in Single core fibers, Polarization division multiplexing (PDM) is implemented that uses QPSK system which can withhold a transmission capacity of about 10Tbit/s. Higher order Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) such as 64 QAM and 128QAM, are also applied in optical systems that can achieve capacity up to 100Tbit/s.As the requirement for capacity is increased beyond 100Tbit/s, it is observed various limitations in the optical transmission medium and transmission system such as limited spectral efficiency and limited optical power. In order to overcome this limitation space division multiplexing (SDM) has been proposed as a high-capacity optical transmission technology that can overcome the physical limitations of conventional single-mode optical fiber. This paper provides a review of different Optical fiber communication techniques.

Keywords :

Author : Kakarla Phaneendra Kumar , Dr T.Sreenivasulu Reddy

Title : REVIEW ON OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS WITH MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUES FOR BETTER PERFORMANCE

Volume/Issue : 2023;05(01)

Page No : 23-27

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the economy and society.[1] Several public health agencies, including the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), have issued statements: Avoiding close contact with other people is the best approach to prevent contracting deadly diseases like COVID. As a result, we've implemented an innovative strategy dubbed "Social Distancing" that makes use of Augmented Reality in order to combat these gentle but deadly pathogens (AR). This sensor helps people keep a safe distance at academic institutions like universities. As a result of training, our prototype may be able to warn people when they are less than a metre away.[2] The augmented reality technology built into this is useful for alerting authorities if they reach a certain point. Huge frames taken from students strolling about campus were utilised to train the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) version employed. Through training the model with many examples, the Deep Learning Method is expected to provide accurate results

Keywords :

Author : Dr.M.Vanitha , Tejasri Velugoti , L.Hemanth Kumar , Koneru Vinay

Title : Social Distancing Detector using Augmented Reality (AR)

Volume/Issue : 2023;05(01)

Page No : 28-35

The deaf and dumb people widely use sign language for communication; however, they find it difficult to communicate with people who don’t understand Sign Language. In this paper, a Hand Pose Recognition-based sign language Interpreter (HPR-SLI) system is proposed, which translates sign language using Natural Language Processing (NLP). Sign languages are expressed by hand and come in combination with elements such as postures, body movements, head, eyebrows, eyes, face and mouth, which are used in different combinations to present several pieces of information. The HPR-SLI system enables consecutive sign languages to be translated into readable English. A hand pose recognition method based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and a language processing system based on a Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer (T5) model which is assisted by a tokenizer. The proposed system can be deployed as a mobile application or into a physical device designed specifically for the intended purpose. The whole idea of the paper is to design and develop a system that significantly lowers the communication gap between the speech-hearing impaired and the normal world. The technology HPR-SLI aims to help PwDs (Person with Disabilities) overcome most of their disadvantages and enable them to communicate and develop better social relationships to lead a normal life in the society.

Keywords :

Author : Dr. Rubini P , Dr. Saravana Kumar S , Pavan Sreenivas , Sacharith Ashok , Surya V , Vamshidhar Reddy B

Title : Sign Language Interpreter Using HPR-SLI

Volume/Issue : 2023;05(01)

Page No : 36-41

from different nations, cultures, languages, and backgrounds are now communicating, meeting, and doing business with one another more than ever before, thanks to technological advancements and the development of a global economy. Few businesses can avoid dealing with foreign colleagues, clients, or customers at some point. Business is global, and if a company wants to develop and grow, it must capitalize on the opportunities that the global stage provides. Negotiations are an everyday occurrence in international business. The parties involved in a negotiation face various challenges in reaching a successful conclusion. When the parties involved come from different cultural backgrounds, the problems they face become more complex. Many experts have drawn comparisons between the West (Canada) and the East (India) because distinct differences exist in the two types of cultures and are the underlying reasons why negotiation styles differ between Canadian and Indian family managed business people.

Keywords :

Author : Samish Dalal, Prof. Muktak Vyas

Title : A study of negotiation styles between family managed business owners from Canadian and Indian cultural backgrounds

Volume/Issue : 2023;05(01)

Page No : 31-43

Human Vision is an incredible process of identifying different objects. We can differentiate the objects with the help of the vision Object Dimensions Measurement program used to measure the dimensions of objects. Which helps in the automation, capturing, and identification of a particular instance of the object. These days, real-time object detection and dimensioning of objects are essential issues in many areas of industry. This is a necessary topic for computer vision problems. There is a need for an enhanced technique for detecting objects and computing their measurements in real-time from pictures. For this, we will take the reference as the a4 sheet. After that, the dimensions of the object are measured. In real-time two different objects or states could help fill in and differentiate the different objects in actuality. We'll refer to this part of the architecture as the important network, which is normally pre-trained as an image classifier to know how to extract features from an image more cheaply. This is an outcome of the fact that data for image classification is easier (and thus cheaper) to label as it only requires a single label as opposed to defining bounding box annotations for each image. Thus, we can train on an extensive labeled dataset (such as ImageNet) in order to learn good feature representations.

Keywords : Opencv, COCO dataset, dimensions,gTTs, python, tkinter

Author : Addanki Abhaya Vikas, Ammanamanchi Ravisankar Bharadwaj ,Jonnadula Narasimharao

Title : IMAGE SHAPE PREDICTION AND DETECTION

Volume/Issue : 2023;05(01)

Page No : 42 - 50

Modern software systems have become increasingly complex, making software testing and quality assurance more challenging, time-consuming, and costly when relying on traditional manual approaches. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have introduced new opportunities for intelligent software testing through their capabilities in natural language understanding, code generation, reasoning, and knowledge extraction. This study proposes an Intelligent Test Engineering Framework that leverages LLMs to automate test generation and defect triage across the software development lifecycle. The framework integrates requirement analysis, automated test case generation, test script creation, defect classification, severity prediction, and rootcause recommendation into a unified quality engineering pipeline. It consists of five key components: the Requirement Intelligence Engine (RIE), Automated Test Generation Module (ATGM), Test Execution Support Layer (TESL), Intelligent Defect Triage Engine (IDTE), and Continuous Learning Repository, which collectively process software artifacts, generate testing assets, analyze defects, and provide actionable recommendations for Software Development Engineers in Test (SDETs). Experimental evaluation using software project datasets and simulated testing environments assessed metrics such as test generation accuracy, defect classification accuracy, triage effectiveness, and automation success rate. Results demonstrated significant improvements in testing productivity, defect resolution speed, test coverage, and overall software quality assurance. Automated test generation enhanced coverage, while AIassisted defect triage reduced analysis time and improved prioritization accuracy, highlighting the potential of LLMs to transform conventional testing workflows into intelligent, adaptive, and highly efficient quality engineering systems.

Keywords : Large Language Models, Software Testing, Test Automation, Defect Triage, Quality Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, SDET, Generative AI.

Author : Rajasekhar Sunkara Senior Software Development Engineer in Test (SDET) | Quality Engineering Specialist,Austin, Texas, USA

Title : Intelligent Test Engineering with Large Language Models: A Framework for Automated Test Generation and Defect Triage

Volume/Issue : 2023;05(01)

Page No : 53-73